[ad_1]
\n<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya genelinde ya\u015fanan enerji krizi ve enerji tedari\u011findeki belirsizlikler, \u00fclkelerin enerji politikalar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden planlamas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor. <\/p>\n
\u0130klim krizinin etkilerinin artmas\u0131 da, h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri alternatif kaynaklar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nlendiriyor.<\/p>\n
Do\u011fada bulunan \u0131s\u0131 enerjisini kullanan \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131, teknolojisi ve do\u011fa dostu \u00f6zellikleriyle son d\u00f6nemde yenilenebilir enerji ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan iklimlendirme \u00fcr\u00fcnleri aras\u0131nda \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cThe Future of Heat Pumps\u201d (Is\u0131 Pompalar\u0131n\u0131n Gelece\u011fi) Raporu\u2019nda, \u201cIs\u0131 pompalar\u0131, t\u00fcketicilerin tasarruf etmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan, \u00fclkelerin ise ithal fosil yak\u0131t ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan son derece verimli ve iklim dostu bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor\u201d ifadeleri yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda, k\u00fcresel olarak alan \u0131s\u0131tma ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 10\u2019unun \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131na yer verilen raporda, \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcresel CO2 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 2030 y\u0131l\u0131nda en az 500 milyon ton, yani Avrupa\u2019daki t\u00fcm otomobillerin y\u0131ll\u0131k CO2 emisyonlar\u0131na e\u015fit miktarda azaltma potansiyeline sahip oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekiliyor.<\/p>\n
Rapora g\u00f6re \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131 pazar\u0131, d\u00fc\u015fen maliyetler ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc te\u015fvikler nedeniyle son y\u0131llarda h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde b\u00fcy\u00fcyor. K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131 sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 2021\u2019de yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 15 artarak son on y\u0131l\u0131n ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karken, Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nde bu oran yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 35\u2019e ula\u015f\u0131yor. AB\u2019de y\u0131ll\u0131k \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131 sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 7 milyona y\u00fckselece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcne yer veren rapor, \u00f6zellikle binalar\u0131n \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir role sahip olaca\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Binalar bug\u00fcn AB gaz talebinin \u00fc\u00e7te birini olu\u015fturuyor. Is\u0131 pompalar\u0131 bu talebi 2025 y\u0131l\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 7 milyar metrek\u00fcp azaltabilecek potansiyele sahip. Bu oran 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda Trans Adriyatik Boru Hatt\u0131 \u00fczerinden sa\u011flanan do\u011fal gaza e\u015fit. Rapora g\u00f6re, AB iklim hedefl erine ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek enerji tasarrufu 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar en az 21 milyar metrek\u00fcpe \u00e7\u0131kacak.<\/p>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Dr. Fatih Birol, \u201cIs\u0131 pompalar\u0131, emisyonlar\u0131 ve do\u011fal gaz kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya y\u00f6nelik her t\u00fcrl\u00fc plan\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez bir par\u00e7as\u0131. Bu teknoloji en so\u011fuk iklimlerde bile denendi ve test edildi.. Politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n, \u015fu anda benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir ivmeye tan\u0131kl\u0131k eden bu teknoloji desteklemeleri gerekiyor. Is\u0131 pompalar\u0131, iklim hedefl erine ula\u015fma \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n merkezinde yer alacak\u201d yorumunu yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131, yak\u0131n gelece\u011fin en etkili iklimlendirme teknolojilerinden biri olarak kabul ediliyor. Oxford \u00dcniversitesi ve Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP) taraf\u0131ndan Eyl\u00fcl 2023 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ara\u015ft\u0131rma, \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131n\u0131 bir\u00e7ok net s\u0131f\u0131r senaryosunda karbonsuzla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in temel \u0131s\u0131tma teknolojisi olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131n\u0131n sadece fosil bazl\u0131 sistemlere k\u0131yasla \u00fcst\u00fcn bir verimlilik sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda so\u011fuk havadaki etkin konumunu da do\u011fruluyor. <\/p>\n
Is\u0131 pompalar\u0131n\u0131n so\u011fuk ve s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda petrol<\/a> ve gaz bazl\u0131 fosil \u0131s\u0131tma sistemlerinden iki ila \u00fc\u00e7 kat daha verimli oldu\u011funu ortaya koyan ara\u015ft\u0131rma, -30 derecelerde bile fosil yak\u0131t bazl\u0131 rakiplerinden \u00e7ok daha iyi performans g\u00f6sterdi\u011fine yer veriyor.<\/p>\n Fosil yak\u0131tl\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tma \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 bir kimyasal reaksiyon sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131rken \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131 d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde var olan \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 transfer ederek elde etmesi. Is\u0131 pompalar\u0131; \u0131s\u0131tma, so\u011futma ve s\u0131cak su kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tek bir cihazda toplayarak di\u011fer \u0131s\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fcksek enerji tasarrufu sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Transfer ettikleri enerjiyi sadece havadan de\u011fil toprak ve su gibi farkl\u0131 ortamlardan da sa\u011flayabiliyor.<\/p>\n Uzmanlar, AB\u2019nin 2030 iklim ve enerji hedefl erine ula\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde en az \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. <\/p>\n Is\u0131 pompalar\u0131, daha y\u00fcksek verimlilikleri sayesinde kullan\u0131m \u00f6m\u00fcrleri boyunca fosil yak\u0131tl\u0131 kazanlara oranla daha az maliyetli oluyor. Bununla birlikte, \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya genelinde h\u0131zla yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde baz\u0131 zorluklar da mevcut.<\/p>\n Is\u0131 pompalar\u0131n\u0131n elektrik talebini art\u0131rmas\u0131 beklenirken, enerji verimlili\u011fi ve geli\u015fmi\u015f bir planlama ile \u015febeke \u00fczerindeki etkilerini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n \u00d6te yandan, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131 tedariki ve kurulumu, 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 1,3 milyondan fazla yeni i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc ihtiyac\u0131 do\u011furabilecek. Bu noktada, \u00f6zel e\u011fitim programlar\u0131n\u0131n devreye girmesi \u00f6nem kazanacak.<\/p>\n Is\u0131 pompas\u0131; \u0131s\u0131tma, so\u011futma ve kullan\u0131m s\u0131cak suyu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in ortamdan do\u011fal \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 alan ve sonras\u0131nda bu \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi daha y\u00fcksek bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131nca d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren ve pompalayan cihazd\u0131r.<\/p>\n Is\u0131 pompalar\u0131; harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1 birim elektrik enerjisine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, ortamdan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 4 birim \u0131s\u0131 enerjisini, toplam 5 birim enerji olarak ortama ileterek, y\u00fcksek bir enerji verimlili\u011fi sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Is\u0131 pompas\u0131 \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 topraktan, havadan ya da sudan al\u0131r. Bu \u0131s\u0131 daha sonra buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olarak bilinen \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131ndaki so\u011futucuyu gaza d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kaynaklar aras\u0131nda ortam havas\u0131, egzoz havas\u0131, yeralt\u0131 \u0131s\u0131s\u0131, yeralt\u0131 suyu ve su bulunur. Bu kaynaklardan gelen enerji sonsuzdur, yani yenilenebilirdir. Bu enerji, ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan enerjinin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 80\u2019ini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n So\u011futucu gaz daha sonra \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131n\u0131n kalbi olan kompres\u00f6re ula\u015f\u0131r. Kompres\u00f6r so\u011futucu gaz\u0131 y\u00fcksek bir bas\u0131nca s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve bu da s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bir art\u0131\u015fa yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n Kompres\u00f6r\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ek enerjiye ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Bu enerji elektrik, gaz veya termal enerjiden gelebilir. Bu, \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in gereken toplam enerjinin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 20\u2019sini olu\u015fturur. \u00d6rne\u011fin g\u00fcne\u015f veya r\u00fczgar enerjisinden elde edilen ye\u015fil elektrik kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa, \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131 y\u00fczde 100 yenilenebilir enerji kullanm\u0131\u015f olur. <\/p>\n Kompres\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f taraf\u0131nda, art\u0131k s\u0131cak ve y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 olan buhar, kondenser ad\u0131 verilen ikinci \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fcnden ge\u00e7er. Bu \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc so\u011futucu ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131n \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 evin \u0131s\u0131tma sistemine b\u0131rakmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Sonu\u00e7 olarak so\u011futucu ak\u0131\u015fkan gaz halinden s\u0131v\u0131 haline geri d\u00f6ner.<\/p>\n Eve gelen \u0131s\u0131, klima \u00fcnitesi gibi bir hava sistemi veya \u2018hidronik\u2019 olarak bilinen yerden \u0131s\u0131tma veya radyat\u00f6rler gibi su bazl\u0131 bir sistem arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla olabilir. \u0130\u00e7 \u00fcnite ayr\u0131ca bir s\u0131cak su depolama tank\u0131 da i\u00e7erebilir.<\/p>\n Yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f so\u011futucu ak\u0131\u015fkan daha sonra genle\u015fme valfi olarak bilinen bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir cihazdan ge\u00e7er. Art\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 so\u011futucu ak\u0131\u015fkan d\u00f6ng\u00fcye yeniden ba\u015flayabilir.<\/p>\n Is\u0131 pompalar\u0131 iklim krizi ile m\u00fccadelede ne fayda sa\u011flar?<\/p>\n Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji<\/a> Ajans\u0131 Enerji Analisti Yannick Monschauer, \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131n\u0131n elektrik kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin bu teknolojiyi \u00f6nemli bir iklim \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc olarak g\u00f6rmesinin en \u00f6nemli nedeni oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Evlerde gaz kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, gezegeni \u0131s\u0131tan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir gaz olan metan s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da azalt\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Monschauer, ABD ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin Enfl asyon Azaltma Yasas\u0131 ve REPowerEU gibi iklim mevzuat\u0131nda belirtilen hedefl ere ula\u015fmas\u0131 halinde, \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131n\u0131n binalarda gezegeni \u0131s\u0131tan fosil yak\u0131t kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n \u0130klimlendirme So\u011futma Klima \u0130malat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 (\u0130SK\u0130D) verilerine g\u00f6re 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki pazar b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yakla\u015f\u0131k 12 bin 500 adet olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Eski \u0131s\u0131tma sistemlerinin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131n elden ge\u00e7irilmesi ve \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131 gibi enerji verimlili\u011fi sa\u011flayacak \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin tercih edilmesi, \u00e7evresel ve ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir fayda sa\u011flayacak. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm kapsam\u0131nda 20 y\u0131lda 14 milyon konutun elden ge\u00e7irilmesinin planland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan \u0130SK\u0130D\u2019e g\u00f6re, bu binalarda daha az enerji harcayan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye yakla\u015f\u0131k 6 milyar dolar<\/a> tasarruf sa\u011flayabilecek.<\/p>\n Son y\u0131llarda \u00f6zellikle Ege ve Akdeniz b\u00f6lgelerinde ba\u015fta otel ve b\u00fcy\u00fck ticari i\u015fletmeler taraf\u0131ndan tercih edilen \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131, bireysel kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n da dikkatini \u00e7ekerek evlerde ve yazl\u0131k mekanlarda da \u00e7ok\u00e7a tercih edilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. \u201cSadece \u0131s\u0131tma\u201d, \u201csadece so\u011futma\u201d, \u201cboylerler ile sadece kullan\u0131m s\u0131cak suyu\u201d, \u201c\u0131s\u0131tma-kullan\u0131m s\u0131cak suyu-so\u011futma\u201d ve sadece kullan\u0131m s\u0131cak suyu olmak \u00fczere be\u015f farkl\u0131 i\u015fletim modunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabiliyor. Ayr\u0131ca otel ve spa merkezlerinde havuz \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 art\u0131yor. Gelece\u011fin teknoloji \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131n\u0131, t\u00fcm T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kullan\u0131m\u0131na sunmak \u00fczere son bir y\u0131lda \u00fclkenin bir\u00e7ok yerine \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131 hizmeti veren bayi ve teknik servisler a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor ve Is\u0131 pompas\u0131; \u0131s\u0131tma, so\u011futma \u00f6zel e\u011fitimlerden ge\u00e7iriliyor.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\nEnerjiyi havadan, sudan ve topraktan sa\u011flayabiliyor<\/h2>\n
Is\u0131 pompas\u0131n\u0131n pay\u0131n\u0131n 3 kat artmas\u0131 gerekiyor<\/h2>\n
Is\u0131 Pompas\u0131 nedir ve nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n
Buharla\u015fma<\/h2>\n
S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma<\/h2>\n
Yo\u011funla\u015fma<\/h2>\n
Genle\u015fme<\/h2>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131 pazar\u0131 h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcyor<\/h2>\n