{"id":4932,"date":"2023-09-29T05:03:08","date_gmt":"2023-09-29T02:03:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egemhabertv.com\/?p=4932"},"modified":"2023-09-29T05:03:08","modified_gmt":"2023-09-29T02:03:08","slug":"sanayisizlesme-caginda-hindistanin-sanayi-politikasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egemhabertv.com\/?p=4932","title":{"rendered":"Sanayisizle\u015fme \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda Hindistan\u2019\u0131n sanayi politikas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc gazetenizde \u00e7\u0131kan habere g\u00f6re, 2023\u2019\u00fcn ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u00fclkemizde kurulan sanayi tesisi say\u0131s\u0131 %27 ila %30 oran\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f. Hayattaki en zor \u015feylerden biri g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcy\u00fc sinyalden ay\u0131rabilmek. COVID-19 sonras\u0131 tedarik zinciri krizi d\u00f6neminde sanayiciler iyi para kazan\u0131yor, herkes sanayi yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. \u015eimdi sanayi yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fte. Bunun sebebi y\u00fckselen faizler ve d\u00fc\u015fen talep mi? Yoksa, a\u00e7\u0131klanan bu say\u0131lar\u0131 \u201csanayisizle\u015fme trendi\u201dnin sinyali olarak m\u0131 okumal\u0131y\u0131z?<\/p>\n

Ben sanayinin istihdam i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131n\u0131n giderek gerileyece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. 3 \u015eubat ve 1 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019deki yaz\u0131lar\u0131mda da bu global trendi, nedenleri ve \u00fclke \u00f6rnekleriyle anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. K\u00fcresel sanayisizle\u015fme trendi, bildi\u011fimiz sanayi politikalar\u0131n\u0131n da de\u011fi\u015fmesi demek. Eskiden kalk\u0131nma deyince herkes \u00c7in\u2019den bahsederdi. Son zamanlarda ise odak Hindistan. Bu sene \u00c7in ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ya\u015farken Hindistan h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye devam etti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Hindistan ekonomisinin bel kemi\u011fi hizmet ihracat\u0131. Sanayisizle\u015fme d\u00f6neminde ekonomi<\/a> politikas\u0131 nas\u0131l yap\u0131lmal\u0131 diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrken, \u00c7in ve Hindistan\u2019\u0131n kalk\u0131nma hikayeleri aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 da iyi incelemek l\u00e2z\u0131m.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcreselle\u015fmenin alt\u0131n<\/a> y\u0131llar\u0131 olan 1990-2012 aras\u0131nda \u00c7in y\u0131lda %10, Hindistan ise y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalamada %6 oran\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f. \u00c7in\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinin %5,2\u2019si imalat sanayiinden, %4,3\u2019\u00fc hizmetler sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden kaynaklanm\u0131\u015f. Hindistan\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesininse sadece %1,2\u2019si imalat sanayiinden, %4,7\u2019si hizmetler sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden gelmi\u015f. Yani \u00c7in imalat sanayii ile b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f. Daha \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 olanlar sanayi ve hizmetler aras\u0131ndaki ihracat performans\u0131 fark\u0131. 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle \u00c7in, y\u0131lda 668 milyar dolar imalat sanayii alan\u0131nda d\u0131\u015f ticaret fazlas\u0131, 92 milyar dolar b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde de hizmetler d\u0131\u015f ticaret a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 veriyor. Hindistan ise ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde 268 milyar dolar imalat sanayii d\u0131\u015f ticaret a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 verirken; ancak 133 milyar dolara yak\u0131n net hizmet ihracat\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Biz okulda hizmet ihracat\u0131 olmaz, o y\u00fczden sanayide fiyatlar k\u00fcresel olarak e\u015fitlenirken, hizmetlerde her yerde farkl\u0131d\u0131r diye \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftik. Mesela berberler zengin \u00fclkelerde (semtlerde) pahal\u0131d\u0131r, fakir \u00fclkelerde (semtlerde) ucuzdur. Ancak devir de\u011fi\u015fti. Hen\u00fcz dijital teknolojilerle berber hizmeti verilemese de bir\u00e7ok hizmet art\u0131k par\u00e7alara ayr\u0131labiliyor. Bu sayede her bir par\u00e7a ba\u015fka yerde \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirilip daha verimli hale getirilebiliyor. COVID-19 sonras\u0131, Zoom ve Slack gibi uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n verimli \u015fekilde kullan\u0131labilmesi hizmet ihracat\u0131n\u0131 daha da kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Bunun da en basit ve en \u00e7abuk \u00f6l\u00e7eklenen \u00f6rnekleri \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 merkezleri ve yaz\u0131l\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fc. E\u011fer \u0130ngilizce hizmet veren bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 merkezini arad\u0131ysan\u0131z, cevap veren operat\u00f6r muhtemelen Hindistan veya Filipinler\u2019de. \u00d6te yandan tasar\u0131mdan, i\u00e7erik \u00fcretmeye ve hatta kodlamaya kadar bir\u00e7ok i\u015fi freelance yapt\u0131rabilece\u011finiz \u201cfreelancer.com\u201d platformunda i\u015f yapanlar\u0131n d\u00f6rtte biri Hindistan\u2019daym\u0131\u015f. Acaba neden?<\/p>\n

Hindistan\u2019a gittiyseniz, \u00fclkenin altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 berbat durumda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fs\u00fcn\u00fczd\u00fcr. \u00dcretim yapmak, yapsan\u0131z da \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc bir yerden bir yere g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek \u00e7ok zor. B\u00fcrokrasi hat safhada. Buna mukabil, i\u015f kanunlar\u0131 Avrupa standartlar\u0131nda! Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla imalat sanayiinin neden geli\u015fmedi\u011fini anlayabiliyoruz. Di\u011fer yandan, Hindistan hem \u0130ngilizlerden kalan elitist yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n hem de geleneksel kast sisteminin etkisiyle, d\u00fcnya standard\u0131nda teknik \u00fcniversiteler kurmu\u015f. Buralardan \u00e7\u0131kan m\u00fchendislerin \u00e7o\u011fu 80\u2019lerde ABD\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015f. \u00d6yle ki, 80\u2019lerde ABD\u2019nin verdi\u011fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma vizelerinin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Hintliler alm\u0131\u015f. ABD\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma vizeleri \u00fc\u00e7 senelik ve vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa giden yola giremezseniz sadece iki kez uzat\u0131l\u0131yor. Vizesi dolan bir\u00e7ok Hintli m\u00fchendis memleketine d\u00f6n\u00fcp -baz\u0131lar\u0131 da ABD\u2019deki eski \u015firketine sat\u0131\u015f yapan- hizmet ihracat\u0131 yapan \u015firketleri kurmu\u015flar. Yani, Hindistan\u2019\u0131 bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnya g\u00fcndemine ta\u015f\u0131yan hizmet ihracat\u0131 asl\u0131nda kamu politikas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok politikas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle geli\u015fmi\u015f. E\u011fer etkili olan bir politika varsa o da amac\u0131 Hindistan\u2019\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek olmayan ABD\u2019nin vize politikas\u0131!<\/p>\n

\u0130malat sanayiini geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in ne yapmak l\u00e2z\u0131m derseniz, bir\u00e7ok cevap var. Ama \u201cHizmetler sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in ne gerekli?\u201d diye sorunca cevap vermek maalesef kolay de\u011fil. G\u00f6r\u00fcnen en basit cevap \u0130ngilizce e\u011fitimini ve elit \u00fcniversiteleri g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek. Ancak ChatGPT ile bu ad\u0131mlar\u0131n g\u00f6reli etkisi de azalabilir. Art\u0131k sesli\/yaz\u0131l\u0131 terc\u00fcme otomatikle\u015fiyor. Bunun en son \u00f6rneklerinden biri de Spotify\u2019\u0131n yak\u0131n zamanda podcastlar i\u00e7in devreye almay\u0131 planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapay zek\u00e2 destekli, \u00e7ok dilli ve sesli terc\u00fcme \u00f6zelli\u011fi. ChatGPT gibi \u00fcretici yapay zek\u00e2 teknolojisi ile en tecr\u00fcbesiz ve cahil i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn performans\u0131, tecr\u00fcbeli ve bilgili olanlara yak\u0131ns\u0131yor. Yine de hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapmamak yerine en basit g\u00f6r\u00fcnen politikalar\u0131 izleyerek i\u015fe ba\u015flayabiliriz. Zira, sanayisizle\u015fme \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda \u201csanayi politikas\u0131\u201d bol bol deneme yan\u0131lma gerektirecek!<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

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[ad_1] Sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc gazetenizde \u00e7\u0131kan habere g\u00f6re, 2023\u2019\u00fcn ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u00fclkemizde kurulan sanayi tesisi say\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1319,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4932","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egemhabertv.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4932","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egemhabertv.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egemhabertv.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egemhabertv.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egemhabertv.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4932"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/egemhabertv.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4932\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egemhabertv.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1319"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egemhabertv.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4932"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egemhabertv.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4932"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egemhabertv.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4932"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}