MERVE Y\u0130\u011e\u0130TCAN<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130stanbul Sanayi Odas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (\u0130SO) bu y\u0131l 55\u2019incisini haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 500 B\u00fcy\u00fck Sanayi Kurulu\u015fu (BSK) Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2022 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. \u0130SO Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdal Bah\u00e7\u0131van\u2019\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara g\u00f6re, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l \u00fcretimden sat\u0131\u015flara g\u00f6re en b\u00fcy\u00fck kurulu\u015f 418,4 milyar ile bir kez daha T\u00fcpra\u015f oldu. T\u00fcpra\u015f\u2019\u0131 189,2 milyar liral\u0131k \u00fcretimden sat\u0131\u015f\u0131yla Star Rafineri izlerken, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada 140,1 milyar lira ile Ford Otomotiv yer ald\u0131. 2022 ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 2021\u2019in sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak Ford Otosan ve Star Rafineri\u2019nin yer de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye sanayisinin bir anlamda check-up\u2019\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 itibar\u0131yla mevcut ekonomik g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcme ili\u015fkin \u00f6nemli ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7erirken, k\u0131sa ve orta vadeye ili\u015fkin kritik mesajlar da veriyor. \u0130lk 500 BSK\u2019da genel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcme bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00fcretimden sat\u0131\u015flar 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fczde 119 oran\u0131nda artarak 4 trilyon 484,9 milyar liraya dayand\u0131. Ancak 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcretimden sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n t\u00fcketici enflasyonu ile ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda reel olarak y\u00fczde 33,3 b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken; sanayicinin \u2018ger\u00e7ek enflasyonu\u2019 kabul edilen \u00fcretici fiyatlar\u0131 ile ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise y\u00fczde 10,8 gibi daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir reel art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda kaydedilen y\u00fcksek b\u00fcy\u00fcme performans\u0131nda y\u0131l boyunca ya\u015fanan y\u00fcksek enflasyon ile yurti\u00e7inde uygulanan lirala\u015fma politikalar\u0131 ve hane halk\u0131 t\u00fcketim harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc seyretmesi etkili oldu. Yan\u0131 s\u0131ra TL\u2019deki de\u011fer kayb\u0131 ile ihracat gelirlerinin TL kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemesinin de \u00fcretimden sat\u0131\u015flara pozitif katk\u0131s\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu…<\/p>\n Sanayi devlerinin ihracat performans\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye ihracat\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 12,9 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130SO 500\u2019\u00fcn ihracat\u0131 14,1 artarak 85,8 milyar dolardan, 97,9 milyar dolara y\u00fckseldi. B\u00f6ylece \u0130SO 500 tarihindeki en y\u00fcksek ihracat rakam\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken, ayn\u0131 y\u0131lda ihracat yapan kurulu\u015f say\u0131s\u0131 da 467 ile en y\u00fcksek seviyesine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00d6te yandan \u0130SO 500\u2019de ge\u00e7en y\u0131l en fazla ihracat yapan ilk 3 kurulu\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131yla T\u00dcPRA\u015e, Ford Otomotiv<\/a> Toyota Otomotiv oldu.<\/p>\n Sanayi kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kaynak yap\u0131s\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bor\u00e7-\u00f6zkaynak da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda \u00f6zkaynaklar lehine geli\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bor\u00e7lar\u0131n pay\u0131 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fczde 64,3\u2019e inerek, son 4 y\u0131l\u0131n en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyesinde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcrken, \u00f6zkaynaklar\u0131n oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 35,7\u2019ye y\u00fckseldi. Kaynak yap\u0131s\u0131 2015 ve takip eden 6 y\u0131l boyunca belirgin bozulma e\u011filimi g\u00f6sterirken, 2021\u2019de y\u00fczde 70 e\u015fi\u011fini a\u015farak en y\u00fcksek seviyesine \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 2022\u2019de \u00f6zkaynaklar lehine ya\u015fanan bu geli\u015fmede y\u00fcksek karlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yeniden de\u011ferleme uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n etkisi s\u00f6z konusu. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, krediye ve finansmana eri\u015fimin zorla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulu\u015flar\u0131n, \u00f6zkaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rarak faaliyetlerini finanse etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n \u0130SO 500 BSK\u2019n\u0131n bor\u00e7 stoku yak\u0131ndan incelendi\u011finde, mali bor\u00e7lar y\u00fczde 64 art\u0131\u015fla 796 milyar liradan 1,3 trilyon liraya \u00e7\u0131karken, di\u011fer bor\u00e7lar y\u00fczde 70\u2019e yak\u0131n art\u0131\u015fla 711 milyar liradan 1,2 trilyon liraya y\u00fckseldi. 2021\u2019e benzer \u015fekilde 2022\u2019de de di\u011fer bor\u00e7lar\u0131n mali bor\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00fczerinde bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme sergiledi\u011fi dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Yan\u0131 s\u0131ra mali bor\u00e7lar\u0131n toplam bor\u00e7lar i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131n\u0131n 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fczde 51,9\u2019a inerken; di\u011fer bor\u00e7lar\u0131n pay\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 48,1\u2019e y\u00fckseldi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu tablo finansmana eri\u015fim ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n zorla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6nemde, firmalar\u0131n ticari bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bir \u015fekilde piyasan\u0131n kendi kendini fonlad\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret ediyor. Sanayi devlerinin bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n vadelerine g\u00f6re geli\u015fimine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise k\u0131sa vadeli mali bor\u00e7lardaki art\u0131\u015f y\u00fczde 100\u2019e yakla\u015f\u0131rken, uzun vadeli mali bor\u00e7lardaki art\u0131\u015f y\u00fczde 37\u2019de kald\u0131. B\u00f6ylece, k\u0131sa vadeli mali bor\u00e7lar\u0131n toplam mali bor\u00e7lar i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131 2007\u2019den bu yana 2022\u2019de yeniden y\u00fczde 50 band\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak y\u00fczde 42,8\u2019den y\u00fczde 52,1\u2019e y\u00fckseldi. Bu ayn\u0131 zamanda 2006\u2019dan bu yana en y\u00fcksek oran oldu. Art\u0131\u015fta, negatif faiz<\/a> ortam\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yeni kredi uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131sa vadeli kredi kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zendirmesinin de etkili oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, en y\u00fcksek mali borca sahip ilk 3 sekt\u00f6r, 2021\u2019de de oldu\u011fu gibi yine s\u0131ras\u0131yla ana metal, g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ve elektrik, gaz, buhar, havaland\u0131rma sistemleri oldu.<\/p>\n Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l net sat\u0131\u015flara oranla sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n maliyeti 2 puan artarak y\u00fczde 81,7\u2019ye y\u00fckselirken, buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak y\u00fczde 18,3 oran\u0131nda br\u00fct sat\u0131\u015f k\u00e2r\u0131 elde edildi. Yan\u0131 s\u0131ra 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulu\u015flar\u0131n di\u011fer faaliyetlerinden olan gelir ve k\u00e2rlar\u0131n net sat\u0131\u015flara oran\u0131 11,9 puan d\u00fc\u015ferek y\u00fczde 13,1\u2019e geriledi. \u0130SO 500\u2019\u00fcn finansman giderleri ise y\u00fczde 32,6 oran\u0131nda artarak 277,1 milyar liraya y\u00fckselirken, finansman giderlerinin faaliyet kar\u0131na oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 61,1\u2019den y\u00fczde 41,3\u2019e geriledi. Sanayi devlerinin \u00fcretim faaliyeti d\u0131\u015f\u0131 net gelirleri de ge\u00e7en y\u0131l y\u00fczde 14,6 artarak 110,9 milyar liraya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00dcretim faaliyeti d\u0131\u015f\u0131 gelirlerinin d\u00f6nem kar ve zarar toplam i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131 ise son 5 y\u0131lda y\u00fczde 88 d\u00fczeyinden y\u00fczde 23\u2019lere kadar geriledi. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u0130SO 500\u2019\u00fcn net kambiyo gelirleri y\u00fczde 35,5 azalarak 22,3 milyar liraya geriledi.<\/p>\n \u0130SO 500\u2019\u00fcn net d\u00f6nem kar\u0131 ge\u00e7en y\u0131l y\u00fczde 121,4 artarak 485,4 milyar liraya y\u00fckselirken, reel art\u0131\u015f T\u00dcFE ile y\u00fczde 34,7, \u00dcFE ile y\u00fczde 11,9 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Aktif karl\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131 ise ge\u00e7en y\u0131l y\u00fczde 12,4\u2019e y\u00fckselirken, sat\u0131\u015f karl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczde 9,3, \u00f6zkaynak karl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 34,8 ile bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la yak\u0131n oranlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u0130SO 500\u2019\u00fcn 2022\u2019de faaliyet kar\u0131 y\u00fczde 96 artarak, 342 milyar liradan 671 milyar liraya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k faaliyet karl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 oran\u0131, y\u00fczde 14,8\u2019den 2 puan d\u00fc\u015ferek y\u00fczde 12,8\u2019e geriledi. Benzer \u015fekilde faiz, amortisman ve vergi \u00f6ncesi kar\u0131n y\u00fczde 100\u2019e yak\u0131n bir art\u0131\u015fla 405 milyar liradan 808 milyar liraya y\u00fckselirken, FAV\u00d6K karl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 oran\u0131, 2,1 puan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fle y\u00fczde 15,4\u2019e geriledi. Vergi \u00f6ncesi kar ve zarar toplam\u0131 y\u00fczde 121 artarak 219 milyar liradan 485 milyar liraya y\u00fckselirken, sat\u0131\u015f karl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 oran\u0131 0,2 puan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fle y\u00fczde 9,3\u2019e indi.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n\u0130hracat gelirlerinin TL kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 geni\u015fledi<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Devlerin ihracat art\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u2018geneli\u2019 sollad\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Kaynak yap\u0131s\u0131nda ibre \u00f6zkaynak lehine<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Kredi bulunamay\u0131nca ticari bor\u00e7lar artt\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n
NET KAMB\u0130YO GEL\u0130RLER\u0130 22,3 M\u0130LYAR L\u0130RAYA GER\u0130LED\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
NET D\u00d6NEM K\u00c2RI 485,4 M\u0130LYAR L\u0130RA<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
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