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MEHMET KAYA<\/strong><\/p>\n K\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fc i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r g\u00fcndeme getiriliyor. Orta Vadeli Program\u2019da, Tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 Emeklilik Sistemi\u2019nin (TES) 2024\u2019\u00fcn son \u00e7eyre\u011finde hayata ge\u00e7irilece\u011fi yaz\u0131l\u0131nca, 2020\u2019de kimsenin sahiplenmedi\u011fi bir yasa tasla\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi hat\u0131rlara geldi ve kamuoyuna yans\u0131d\u0131. OVP\u2019de i\u015faret edilen sigortaya literat\u00fcrde \u201cikinci s\u00fctun\u201d ya da \u201cikinci basamak\u201d deniliyor. Klasik, kamu taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen emeklilik sistemi yan\u0131nda ikinci bir prim \u00f6deyip, emeklilik hakk\u0131 elde etmeyi sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bireysel emeklilikten fark\u0131 ise kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n zorunlu olmas\u0131 ve kamu ve\/veya i\u015fverenin de prim deste\u011fi verebilmesi.<\/p>\n OVP ile \u00f6nerilen sistemin ne oldu\u011funa, neyi kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin resmi olarak ya da yetkili ki\u015filerce bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yok. Yine gayri resmi olarak, \u201cK\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 fonu olmayacak\u201d deniliyor.<\/p>\n K\u0131sa bir \u00f6zetle; 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda SGK, T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in AB projesiyle ikinci s\u00fctun emeklilik ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yapt\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nem k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131n\u0131n fona d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi iste\u011finin de alevlendi\u011fi g\u00fcnlerdi. O g\u00fcnlerden bu yana baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve ekonomik metinlere k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131n\u0131n fona d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve ikinci basamak emeklilik madde olarak girdi. Ge\u00e7en zamanda BES hayata ge\u00e7ti, bir ara zorunlu kat\u0131l\u0131m-g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f gibi y\u00f6ntemler denendi. 2020\u2019de salg\u0131n d\u00f6neminde, k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131n\u0131n da fona d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi TES \u00f6nerisi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bas\u0131n arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan d\u00fczenleme tasla\u011f\u0131 resmi olarak sunulmad\u0131. Sistem, zorunlu kat\u0131l\u0131m, prim \u00f6demesi ve 60 ya\u015f, en az 10 y\u0131l \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu.<\/p>\n Fona d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 ve zorunlu kat\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 bir sisteme i\u015f\u00e7i kadar i\u015fveren de itiraz ediyor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i sendikalar\u0131 1 y\u0131la 30 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fccret olan k\u0131demin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na \u015fiddetle kar\u015f\u0131, T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f\u2019in genel grevle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verece\u011fine dair genel kurul karar\u0131 var. \u0130\u015fveren hem i\u015f\u00e7i sadakati a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hem de y\u00fcksek prim y\u00fck\u00fc nedeniyle, s\u00fcre azalt\u0131lmadan bir d\u00fczenlemenin anlams\u0131z oldu\u011funu belirtiyor. 2024\u2019te y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen TES her \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve i\u015fveren zorunlu prim \u00f6deyecek. B\u00f6yle olunca, ilk \u00f6demeler yap\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir fonun olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131 kesin. Peki bu fonu kim i\u015fletecek, kim fayda sa\u011flayacak?<\/p>\n Olumlu tarafta, dezenflasyon s\u00fcrecindeki T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin b\u00fct\u00e7esi ve ekonomisi i\u00e7in ucuz ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 kaynak yer alacak. \u00d6zellikle Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6rnekler var. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ise ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelen k\u00f6t\u00fc \u201cfon\u201d deneyimleri bulunuyor. K\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 olmadan i\u015fverene gelecek ilave prim y\u00fck\u00fcne \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r ne der, kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011fa etkisi ne olur bilinmez. K\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 dahil edilirse \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceki tepkilerinden i\u015fin zor olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015fimdiden g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n