Emre ERG\u00dcL<\/strong><\/p>\n Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu\u011fday-arpa krizini atlatmam\u0131\u015fken, d\u00fcnya yeni bir k\u00fcresel g\u0131da krizine do\u011fru mu ilerliyor? D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli pirin\u00e7 \u00fcreticisi olan Hindistan\u2019\u0131n 1 ay i\u00e7inde ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki karar, \u201cGlobal bir pirin\u00e7 krizi \u00e7\u0131kar m\u0131?\u201d tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n Polemik 20 Temmuz\u2019a, Hindistan\u2019\u0131n yurti\u00e7i fiyat art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla basmati olmayan beyaz pirin\u00e7 ihracat\u0131n\u0131 yasaklamas\u0131na dayan\u0131yor. T\u00fcketici \u0130\u015fleri ve G\u0131da Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201cYurti\u00e7i pirin\u00e7 fiyatlar\u0131 art\u0131\u015f trendinde.<\/p>\n Perakende fiyatlar\u0131 son bir y\u0131lda y\u00fczde 11.5 y\u00fckseldi\u201d diyerek, basmati olmayan beyaz pirincin yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n derhal durdurulaca\u011f\u0131 belirtti. Hindistan’\u0131n pirin\u00e7 ihracat\u0131n\u0131 azaltma karar\u0131, Vietnam taraf\u0131nda da yank\u0131 buldu. Vietnam Sanayi ve Ticaret Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamada, “Hindistan’\u0131n pirin\u00e7 ihracat\u0131n\u0131 azaltma ad\u0131m\u0131, k\u00fcresel pirin\u00e7 pazar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyecek” ifadesi kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Yetkililer, yeterli yerel pirin\u00e7 tedariki ve g\u0131da g\u00fcvencesi sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fclkenin g\u0131da birli\u011fine \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulundu. Vietnam, Hindistan ve Tayland’dan sonra d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc pirin\u00e7 ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 konumunda. \u00c7ok ge\u00e7medi, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n di\u011fer bir ucundan Amerika ve Kanada\u2019dan \u201cpirin\u00e7 krizi\u201d haberleri yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130ki \u00fclkede bulunan Hint marketlerine y\u0131\u011f\u0131lan m\u00fc\u015fteriler, k\u0131tl\u0131k korkusuyla pirin\u00e7leri ya\u011fmalad\u0131, sosyal medya \u00fczerinden bo\u015f raf foto\u011fraflar\u0131 t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya servis edildi. \u0130ngiliz BBC Televizyonu, \u201cHindistan\u2019\u0131n pirin\u00e7 ihracat\u0131n\u0131 yasaklamas\u0131 k\u00fcresel bir krizi tetikler mi?\u201d diye man\u015fetten sorarken \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti: \u201cHindistan, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck pirin\u00e7 ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131.<\/p>\n K\u00fcresel ticaretin y\u00fczde 40\u2019\u0131n\u0131 elinde bulunduruyor. Hindistan\u2019\u0131, Tayland, Vietnam, Pakistan ve ABD takip ediyor. \u00c7in, Filipinler ve Nijerya d\u00fcnyan\u0131n belli ba\u015fl\u0131 pirin\u00e7 ithalat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u00fclkeleri konumunda. Endonezya ve Banglade\u015f gibi \u00fclkeler de i\u00e7 piyasalar\u0131nda arz s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda ithale ba\u015fvuruyor. Pirin\u00e7 t\u00fcketimi Afrika’da da bir hayli y\u00fcksek ve giderek de art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n K\u00fcba ve Panama gibi \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in de pirin\u00e7 \u00f6nemli. Pirin\u00e7 ithalat\u0131n\u0131n en az y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131n\u0131 Hindistan\u2019dan yapan \u00fclkeler de var.\u201d Piyasalar, Hindistan\u2019\u0131n pirin\u00e7 ihracat\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131 konusunda yumu\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 beklerken; \u015fiddetli ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar \u00fclkedeki mahsule zarar vermeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcnce G\u00fcney Asya \u00fclkesi pirin\u00e7 sevkiyat\u0131n\u0131 \u201cdaha da s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma\u201d karar\u0131 verdi.<\/p>\n Bloomberg Haber Ajans\u0131, d\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u201cbasmati ihracat\u0131 i\u00e7in ton ba\u015f\u0131na bin 200 dolar taban fiyat belirledi\u011fini\u201d ve \u201cayr\u0131ca yar\u0131 ha\u015flanm\u0131\u015f pirincin yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131na da y\u00fczde 20 vergi koydu\u011funu\u201d duyurdu. Haber ajans\u0131, Hindistan\u2019\u0131n yeni kararlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcresel arz\u0131 tehdit edece\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekti. Reuters haber ajans\u0131 da \u201cBu, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sevkiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 daha da azaltabilir ve halihaz\u0131rda 12 y\u0131l\u0131n en y\u00fcksek seviyelerine yak\u0131n i\u015flem g\u00f6ren k\u00fcresel pirin\u00e7 fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 daha da art\u0131rabilir\u201d yorumunda bulundu.<\/p>\n Hindistan\u2019\u0131n pirin\u00e7 ihracat\u0131na getirdi\u011fi yeni k\u0131s\u0131tlamalarla ilgili haberler, fiyatlar\u0131 yukar\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc destekledi ve Chicago Ticaret Borsas\u0131\u2019nda i\u015flem g\u00f6ren pirin\u00e7 y\u00fczde 3.1 de\u011fer kazand\u0131. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019nde (FAO) pirin\u00e7 piyasas\u0131 analisti olan Shirley Mustafa da \u201cBu yasak, pek de uygun bir zamanda gelmedi\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n Mustafa, k\u00fcresel pirin\u00e7 fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n 2022’nin ba\u015f\u0131ndan bu yana istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde artt\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekti: \u201cGe\u00e7en hazirandan bu g\u00fcne fiyatlarda y\u00fczde 14 art\u0131\u015f oldu.\u201d Hintli tar\u0131m uzman\u0131 Devinder Sharma da \u201cG\u00fcneydeki pirin\u00e7 \u00fcretilen b\u00f6lgeler El Nino\u2019dan k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015fekilde etkilenecek ancak k\u00fcresel g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fine zarar verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in yasaktan vazge\u00e7ilmeli\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n \u0130HB\u0130R Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Kaz\u0131m Tayc\u0131: Orta vadede T\u00fcrkiye’yi etkilemez<\/strong><\/p>\n “T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin y\u0131ll\u0131k pirin\u00e7 t\u00fcketimi 850 bin ton civar\u0131nda. Bunun 600 bin tonu i\u00e7 piyasadan kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yor, 250 bin ton ithalat\u0131m\u0131z var. Bunu da \u00c7in, Arjantin, Uruguay, Bulgaristan gibi \u00fclkelerden al\u0131yoruz. Hindistan\u2019dan pirin\u00e7 al\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir miktar. Hindistan, l\u00fcks gruba giren, fiyat olarak daha y\u00fcksek olan basmati pirincin ihracat\u0131n\u0131 yasaklad\u0131.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye olarak bizim basmati pirin\u00e7 ithalat\u0131m\u0131z yok. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla k\u0131sa ve orta vadede Hindistan\u2019\u0131n bu k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 bizi etkilemeyecek. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin \u00fcretimde sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ne olacak, bunu kestirmek zor ama pandemi s\u00fcreciyle birlikte \u00fclkemiz de dahil olmak \u00fczere d\u00fcnya, tar\u0131m ve g\u0131dan\u0131n \u00f6nemini anlad\u0131.<\/p>\n Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, \u00fclkemizde de otoritenin tar\u0131m ile ilgili alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kararlara bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131mda, yine tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden b\u00fcy\u00fck ve kurumsal firmalar\u0131n tar\u0131ma yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck\u00e7e \u00f6zellikle hububat, bakliyat, ya\u011fl\u0131 tohumlar ve bu tah\u0131l grubunda k\u0131sa ve orta vadede, \u00e7ok ekstrem bir durum olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131klar olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zannetmiyorum. Pirin\u00e7 de dahil, hububat, bakliyat, tah\u0131l ve ya\u011fl\u0131 tohumlar grubu en temel g\u0131da maddelerimiz oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, \u00e7ok ekstrem bir durum olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, k\u0131sa ve orta vadede olumsuzluk beklemiyorum.”<\/p>\n \u201cFiyat oynakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artar\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n IMF Ba\u015fekonomisti Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas: da Hindistan kararlar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle yorumlad\u0131: \u201cMevcut ortamda, bu t\u00fcr k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131nda g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131ndaki oynakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rmas\u0131 muhtemel ve ayn\u0131 zamanda misilleme tedbirlerine de yol a\u00e7abilir. Bu t\u00fcr ihracat k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik ediyoruz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar k\u00fcresel olarak zararl\u0131 olabilir.”<\/p>\n Aromal\u0131 basmati pirinci nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok t\u00fcketilen d\u00f6rt pirin\u00e7 t\u00fcr\u00fc \u015funlar: Indica, basmati, Japonica ve glutenli pirin\u00e7. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck pirin\u00e7 ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Hindistan’da, basmati olmayan pirin\u00e7, toplam pirin\u00e7 ihracat\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 25’ini olu\u015fturuyor. Basmati olmayan pirin\u00e7, genellikle Asya ve Afrika \u00fclkelerine ihra\u00e7 ediliyor. Himalaya Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n karl\u0131 sular\u0131 ile beslenen bir pirin\u00e7 t\u00fcr\u00fc olan basmati pirinci, bilinen pirin\u00e7 t\u00fcrlerinden daha uzun ve daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Yar\u0131 mat, yar\u0131 saydam bir rengi bulunan pirin\u00e7 kendinden aromal\u0131d\u0131r. Basmati kelimesi de Sanskrit\u00e7ede \u201cparf\u00fcm, parf\u00fcml\u00fc\u201d anlamlar\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i.dunya.com\/storage\/files\/images\/2023\/08\/28\/1-8Hxc.jpg\")
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