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\u00a0H\u0130LAL SARI<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ihracat pazarlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu Euro B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisi Almanya, ABD\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u00c7in risklerini azaltma trendini h\u0131zland\u0131racak kritik bir yasa haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda. Almanya Ekonomi<\/a> Bakan\u0131 Robert Habeck, Reuters\u2019\u0131n pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc inceleyerek haberle\u015ftirdi\u011fi bir ekonomi bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belgesine g\u00f6re \u00fclkeye girecek yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi s\u00fcrecinde kriterleri ekonomik g\u00fcvenli\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme amac\u0131yla kat\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir yasa \u00f6nerisi sunmak istiyor.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n 13 Temmuz\u2019da ilk kez \u201c\u00c7in Strateji Belgesi\u201d yay\u0131nlayan Almanya h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin bu ad\u0131m\u0131, Alman \u015firketlerin \u00c7in\u2019e olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde geliyor, ancak ne Almanya ne de Avrupa Birli\u011fi, bu t\u00fcr tedarik zinciri \u00e7e\u015fitlendirme ad\u0131mlar\u0131nda do\u011frudan \u00c7in\u2019i hedef alm\u0131yor. Genelde belgelerde ve diplomatik s\u00f6ylemlerde \u201criskleri azaltma\u201d s\u00f6ylemi \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda, yat\u0131r\u0131m de\u011ferlendirme kriterlerini kat\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemiyle \u201c\u00c7in\u2019den ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zla\u015fmaya\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. \u00d6te yandan bir \u00e7ok ekonomist artan korumac\u0131 politikalar\u0131n san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ekonomik anlamda fayda getirmedi\u011fini, k\u00fcresel serbest ticaretin tehlikeye girdi\u011fi konusunda uyar\u0131lar da yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Habere g\u00f6re belgede \u201cAlmanya\u2019da, Avrupa\u2019da ve d\u00fcnyada yat\u0131r\u0131m kararlar\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131m de\u011ferlendirmelerinin \u00f6nemi son y\u0131llarda kayda de\u011fer oranda artt\u0131\u201d ifadeleri yer al\u0131yor. Ayr\u0131ca bakanl\u0131k yabanc\u0131 \u015firketler taraf\u0131ndan Almanya\u2019da in\u015fa edilen yeni fabrikalar\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik d\u00fczeylerini kontrol etmeyi, hatta gerekirse g\u00fcvenlik ama\u00e7l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015fbirli\u011fi anla\u015fmalar\u0131 da yapmak istiyor. \u00c7in\u2019e y\u00f6nelik bir\u00e7ok ABD yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n arkas\u0131nda yatan gerek\u00e7e de \u201culusal g\u00fcvenlik\u201d konusu ve \u00f6rne\u011fin telekom\u00fcnikasyon devi Huawei, sadece ABD\u2019den de\u011fil, Avrupa h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerince de \u201culusal g\u00fcvenlik\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle yapt\u0131r\u0131m listesine al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00c7inli bir dev. Yeni yasa kapsam\u0131nda yabanc\u0131 bir yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n, Alman bir \u015firketin \u00fcr\u00fcn ve teknolojilerine anla\u015fmalar yoluyla eri\u015fimine de denetim getirilecek. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle yasa sadece \u00c7inli veya di\u011fer yabanc\u0131 \u015firketlerin Alman \u015firketlerden pay alarak y\u00f6netim kurulunda oy hakk\u0131 sat\u0131n almas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil – bu zaten otoritelerin onay\u0131na mevcut yasalar kapsam\u0131nda tabii – daha nitelikli bir \u015fekilde teknoloji transferi gibi hassas konular\u0131 da denetim kapsam\u0131na alacak.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n Almanya\u2019n\u0131n Bat\u0131 ittifak\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00c7in\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 tutum konusunda \u201czay\u0131f halka\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zamanlar da oluyor \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc son yedi y\u0131ld\u0131r Almanya\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ticaret orta\u011f\u0131 \u00c7in. \u0130kili ticaretleri 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda 298 milyar euro (327 milyar dolar) ile tarihi rekora ula\u015ft\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca \u00c7in\u2019in g\u0131da devi Cosco\u2019nun \u00fclkenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck liman\u0131 olan Hamburg Liman\u0131\u2019ndan pay almas\u0131 ele\u015ftirilere ra\u011fmen Berlin taraf\u0131ndan onayland\u0131. Ancak bu durum Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmeti i\u00e7inde tart\u0131\u015fmalara da yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Almanya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Olaf Scholz\u2019un kendi koalisyon ortaklar\u0131 bile anla\u015fmay\u0131 ele\u015ftirmi\u015fti ve Ye\u015filler Partisi\u2019nden Scholz h\u00fck\u00fcmetinde ekonomi bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapan Habeck de \u201cAlmanya\u2019n\u0131n \u00c7in \u015firketlere ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131yor olmas\u0131ndan endi\u015fe duydu\u011funu\u201d dile getiren isimler aras\u0131nda. Eyl\u00fcl 2021\u2019de yap\u0131lan anla\u015fma kapsam\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n enerji<\/a> politikalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc Almanya, \u00c7inli \u015firketin liman\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 konteyner terminalinden sadece bir tanesinde y\u00fczde 10\u2019un alt\u0131nda bir hisse ile ortak olmas\u0131na onay vermi\u015f oldu. Anla\u015fmaya resmi onaylar\u0131n verilmesi ise 2023 Temmuz\u2019u buldu. \u00c7in\u2019in Hint-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinde, Afrika\u2019da ve Avrupa\u2019daki yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler siyasi anlamda stratejik varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131 gibi kritik bir konuda tam anlam\u0131yla uzla\u015famad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019in eline kolayca b\u0131rakmak istemiyor.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n Almanya\u2019da yap\u0131lan bir anket, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 3’te 2’sinin, Sosyal Demokrat Parti (SPD), Ye\u015filler ve H\u00fcr Demokrat Partiden (FPD) olu\u015fan ve “Trafik lambas\u0131” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan koalisyon h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin de\u011fi\u015fmesini istedi\u011fini ortaya koydu. Insa ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u015firketinin “Bild am Sonntag” gazetesi i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ankette “Sizce h\u00fck\u00fcmet de\u011fi\u015fimi Almanya’n\u0131n yarar\u0131na olur mu?” sorusunu kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczde 64’\u00fc olumlu yan\u0131tlad\u0131. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca y\u00fczde 22’si h\u00fck\u00fcmetin g\u00f6revine devam etmesini istedi. Almanya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Olaf Scholz’un \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan memnun olanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 da bir \u00f6nceki aya g\u00f6re 10 puan geriledi. Ankette Ba\u015fbakan Scholz’un \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan memnun olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131na ili\u015fkin soruya kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczde 70’i olumsuz yan\u0131t verdi. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczde 49’u ise mevcut h\u00fck\u00fcmetin bir \u00f6ncekinden “daha iyi i\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131” belirtti. Kamu yay\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131 ZDF’nin “Politbarometer” anketinde de kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczde 58’i, Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin “i\u015fini iyi yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131” g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc payla\u015ft\u0131. “H\u00fck\u00fcmet, sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc konusunda ilerleme sa\u011fl\u0131yor mu?\u201d sorusuna kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczde 83’\u00fc “Hay\u0131r”, y\u00fczde 14’\u00fc de “Evet” cevab\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Ankette Alman halk\u0131n\u0131n ekonominin gidi\u015fat\u0131ndan memnun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 61’i ekonominin daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fece\u011fine inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Ayr\u0131ca uzmanlar \u00fclkede a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri olan g\u00f6\u00e7men kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 AfD partisinin y\u00fckseli\u015finden de endi\u015feli. Berlin H\u00fcr \u00dcniversitesinde g\u00f6revli siyaset bilimci ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011f uzman\u0131 Prof Dr. Hajo Funke “(AfD’nin y\u00fcksek oy almas\u0131) Uzun vadede bu, demokrasi i\u00e7in, demokrasimizin istikrar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir tehlikedir” derken, Berlin Humboldt \u00dcniversitesinden anayasa hukuk\u00e7usu Prof. Dr. Ulrich Battis \u201cAfD’nin y\u00fcksek oy almas\u0131, ekonomi merkezi olarak Almanya i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek bir tehlikedir” ifadelerini kulland\u0131.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n ABD ve Meksika aras\u0131ndaki ikili ticaret 2023\u2019\u00fcn ilk d\u00f6rt ay\u0131nda 263 milyar dolarla tarihi d\u00fczeye ula\u015f\u0131rken, bu art\u0131\u015f Meksika\u2019y\u0131 pandeminin ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren ABD\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ticaret orta\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131. 2010\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda ve pandemiden bu yana \u00c7in, ABD\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ticaret orta\u011f\u0131yd\u0131 fakat iki s\u00fcperg\u00fc\u00e7 aras\u0131ndaki gerilimler ve ekonomik sahada daha \u00e7ok ABD\u2019nin tek tarafl\u0131 olarak uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar, \u015firketlerin g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc tedarik zinciri \u00e7e\u015fitlendirme ad\u0131mlar\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015fmeye ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. ABD\u2019nin Meksika ile ikili ticareti, toplam d\u0131\u015f ticaretinin y\u00fczde 15,4\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015ftururken, Kanada ve \u00c7in i\u00e7in bu oranlar s\u0131ras\u0131yla y\u00fczde 15,2 ve y\u00fczde 12.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n\u00a0Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n fabrikalar\u0131na ulusal g\u00fcvenlik kontrolleri de isteniyor<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u25a0 Hamburg Liman\u0131\u2019nda Cosco pay\u0131, Almanya\u2019da h\u00fck\u00fcmeti b\u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u25a0 Scholz\u2019a destek 10 puan d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, h\u00fck\u00fcmet de\u011fi\u015fsin diyenlerin oran\u0131 %64\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u25a0 ABD\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ticaret orta\u011f\u0131 art\u0131k \u00c7in de\u011fil Meksika\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n