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\u0130MAM G\u00dcNE\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ihracat\u0131nda miktar baz\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. T\u00fcrkiye \u0130hracat\u00e7\u0131lar Meclisi (T\u0130M) verilerine g\u00f6re, bu y\u0131l\u0131n 7 ayl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrkiye, miktar baz\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 81 milyon ton ihracat yaparken, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine k\u0131yasla y\u00fczde 17,7\u2018lik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fte k\u00fcresel talebin daralmas\u0131n\u0131n etkisi b\u00fcy\u00fck. A\u00e7\u0131klanan ilk 5 ayl\u0131k verilere g\u00f6re k\u00fcresel d\u0131\u015f ticarette mal ihracat\u0131n\u0131n hacmi y\u00fczde 0,2 oran\u0131nda darald\u0131. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, ihracat vadelerinin uzamas\u0131 da sipari\u015flerin azalmas\u0131nda etkili oluyor. Ba\u015fta Avrupa olmak \u00fczere Orta Do\u011fu, G\u00fcney Amerika, Kuzey Afrika \u00fclkelerinden de T\u00fcrk ihracat\u00e7\u0131lara \u2018vadeleri uzat\u0131n\u2019 talebi geliyor. \u0130\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan edindi\u011fimiz bilgiler, vadelerin en az 2 ay uzat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, pe\u015fin \u00f6deme yapan firmalar\u0131n bile \u00f6deme yapmakta zorluk ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde.<\/p>\n Rakipleriyle rekabet edebilmek i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karl\u0131l\u0131klarla fiyat veren ihracat\u00e7\u0131lar da vadelerin uzamas\u0131yla beraber zorlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Firmalardan ithalat\u00e7\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fterilerine \u2018yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 pe\u015fin \u00f6deyin, di\u011fer yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 vadeye b\u00f6lelim\u2019 \u00f6nerisi yap\u0131l\u0131yor. EKONOM\u0130\u2019ye bilgi veren bir ihracat\u00e7\u0131, \u201cY\u0131llard\u0131r vadeli teklif verdi\u011fimiz bir \u0130spanyol firmas\u0131, \u0131srarla t\u00fcm \u00f6demeyi pe\u015fin yap\u0131yordu. Bu da bizim i\u015fimizi kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu. Bu firma \u015fu an bize 8 ayd\u0131r \u00f6deme yapam\u0131yor. Biz de zor durumda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in art\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131 pe\u015fin yar\u0131s\u0131 vade \u015feklinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. Gerekirse sipari\u015fleri kabul etmeyece\u011fiz. Aksi halde tahsilatta ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zorlu\u011fun olumsuz etkisi daha fazla oluyor\u201d dedi.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n \u0130\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n temsilcileri ya\u015fanan s\u00fcrecinin detaylar\u0131n\u0131 EKONOM\u0130\u2019ye anlatt\u0131. Vade konusunda s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n pandemi ile ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7eken T\u0130M Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mustafa G\u00fcltepe, eskiden maksimum 60 g\u00fcnde yap\u0131lan sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n bug\u00fcn 120 g\u00fcne dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisini verdi. M\u00fc\u015fterilerin likidite problemi ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n da yava\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen G\u00fcltepe, \u201cBunun neticesinde zaman zaman vadeleri uzatma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde talepler al\u0131yoruz. Son d \u00f6nemde bu durum aleyhimize olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Riskimiz art\u0131yor. M\u00fc\u015fterilerimizin i\u015fleri yava\u015flay\u0131nca \u00f6deme almakta zorlan\u0131yoruz, alaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z da \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131yor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yeni sipari\u015fler i\u00e7in i\u015fletme sermayesine daha fazla ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyoruz. \u00d6zellikle haz\u0131r giyim sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u0130ngiltere\u2019den indirim veya vade uzatma talebi al\u0131yoruz\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n Firmalar\u0131n i\u015fletme sermayesi ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7in ekonomi<\/a> y\u00f6netiminin ihracat\u00e7\u0131 lehine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlar\u0131n kademeli olarak piyasaya yans\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini kaydeden G\u00fcltepe, b\u00fct\u00e7e imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n el verdi\u011fi s\u00fcrece kredi olanaklar\u0131n zamanla a\u00e7\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n Demir ve demir d\u0131\u015f\u0131 metaller sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn genelde pe\u015fin, 30 g\u00fcn vade ortalamas\u0131yla d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirten T\u0130M Ba\u015fkan Vekili ve \u0130stanbul Demir ve Demir D\u0131\u015f\u0131 Metaller \u0130hracat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 Birli\u011fi (\u0130DDM\u0130B) Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00c7etin Tecdelio\u011flu, d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem vadenin 90 g\u00fcnlere \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Son d\u00f6nemde \u00f6zellikle Orta Do\u011fu co\u011frafyas\u0131ndan bu vadeleri de uzatma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde talepler ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kaydeden Tecdelio\u011flu, \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti: \u201cGenel olarak Kuzey Afrika ve Orta Do\u011fu \u00fclkeleri ile bu sorunun ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Bu vadeleri kar\u015f\u0131layabilmek i\u00e7in ekledi\u011fimiz marj rekabet\u00e7i de\u011fil, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc finansman ciddi oranda pahaland\u0131. Bu nedenle rekabet\u00e7i fiyatlar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, sipari\u015flerin ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00fcretimin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n \u0130hracat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n finansmana ula\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n devam edece\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen Akdeniz \u0130hracat\u00e7\u0131 Birlikleri (AK\u0130B) Koordinat\u00f6r Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve Akdeniz Mobilya, Ka\u011f\u0131t ve Orman \u00dcr\u00fcnleri \u0130hracat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 Birli\u011fi (AKAM\u0130B) Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Onur K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7er, \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201c\u00d6z sermaye s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z devam ediyor. Satarken vadeyi k\u0131smak istiyoruz ama k\u0131sam\u0131yoruz. Sebebi, durgunluk kaynakl\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n mal\u0131 vadeyle istemesi. 60 g\u00fcn yerine 90 g\u00fcnde istiyor. Bir taraftan i\u015fletme sermayesi i\u00e7in kredilere ula\u015famama sorunu devam ediyor ki, m\u00fcjdesi verilen uygulama hen\u00fcz piyasaya yans\u0131mad\u0131. Di\u011fer yandan k\u00fcresel durgunluktan kaynakl\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fterilerimizin elinde stok olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 sipari\u015f vermek istemiyorlar. Vadelin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131 talebi \u00f6zellikle Avrupa\u2019dan geliyor. Normalde talep etmeyen \u0130ngiltere bile art\u0131k vadelerin uzamas\u0131n\u0131 talep ediyor. Net ihracat\u00e7\u0131 sekt\u00f6rler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere sekt\u00f6rlerimizin finansmana eri\u015fiminin kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 laz\u0131m.\u201d<\/p>\n Armat\u00fcr sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn ortalama tahsilat s\u00fcresinin 90 g\u00fcn civar\u0131nda oldu\u011funu dile getiren ARMAT\u00dcR Derne\u011fi Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 G\u00f6khan Turhan, \u201cM\u0131s\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fclkeler k\u00fcresel ticari ger\u00e7ekler paralelinde olumsuz etkilenirken bu etki M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc hissediliyor. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da \u015fu an ortalama tahsilat s\u00fcremiz 250 g\u00fcn civar\u0131nda. Tahsilat gecikmeleri ve krediye eri\u015fim zorluklar\u0131 kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve kaynak verimlili\u011fi sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Bu da yeni sipari\u015fler almakta hem manevi olarak cesaret k\u0131rmakta hem de finansal olarak zorlamakta\u201d dedi. Vadelerin \u00fclkelere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini ifade eden Madeni Ya\u011f ve Petrol<\/a> \u00dcr\u00fcnleri Sanayicileri Derne\u011fi (MAPESAD) Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Tayfun Ko\u00e7ak, \u201c\u00d6rne\u011fin Irak, Orta Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Amerika gibi \u00fclkelerde vadeler 60 g\u00fcnken son zamanlarda bu vadelerde \u00f6telemeler ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Bunun sebebi olarak da \u00fclke i\u00e7indeki durgunluk, rekabet ile dolarla yap\u0131lan \u00f6demelere ili\u015fkin \u00fclke reg\u00fclasyonlar\u0131nda olu\u015fan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin oldu\u011funu g\u00f6zlemliyoruz. Vadesinde gelmeyen \u00f6demeler sonucu risk almak istemeyen \u00fcreticiler sipari\u015fi \u00f6deme gelince olu\u015fturma e\u011filimine giriyor. Bu da zamanla birbirini olumsuz tetikleyen bir hal al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Deri konfeksiyon sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn ihracat vadelerinin genelde 60 g\u00fcn ile 180 g\u00fcn aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini aktaran T\u00fcrkiye Deri Konfeksiyoncular\u0131 Derne\u011fi (TDKD) Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Fatih Dursun, \u015fu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 yapt\u0131: \u201cAncak yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda finans<\/a> maliyetlerinin y\u00fckselmesi ile vade uzatma teklifleri geliyor ve bu taleplerin 270 g\u00fcn oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Vadeli ihracatlarda ana pazar\u0131m\u0131z olan Rusya ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta zorlan\u0131yoruz. Bunun sebebi Rus firmalar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu akreditifleri hi\u00e7bir T\u00fcrk bankas\u0131n\u0131n kabul etmemesi. Bu da bu \u00fclkeyle olan ticaretimizin azalmas\u0131na neden oluyor. Maliyetine yak\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131 belirlenmesi ile birlikte vadeli sat\u0131\u015fta ihracat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Eximbank kredi faizlerinin \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 da mal\u0131n vadeli sat\u0131\u015f\u0131na imk\u00e2n vermemeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\nFirmalar\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131yor, riski art\u0131yor<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n
Orta Do\u011fu\u2019dan \u2018vadeleri uzat\u0131n\u2019 talebi<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
\u201cAl\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n stoku var, yeni \u00fcr\u00fcn almak i\u00e7in vadesini uzatmak istiyor\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u00dcreticiler \u00f6nce \u00f6deme, sonra sipari\u015f form\u00fcl\u00fcne ge\u00e7ti<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
\u201cEximbank kredi faizleri, vadeli sat\u0131\u015fa imk\u00e2n vermiyor\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n