[ad_1]
\n<\/p>\n
D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015fu \u201cK\u00fcresel Ayak \u0130zi A\u011f\u0131\u201d (Global Footprint Network-GFN), d\u00fcnyadaki toplam y\u0131ll\u0131k t\u00fcketimin, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fcretim kapasitesini a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u201cD\u00fcnya Limit A\u015f\u0131m G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d (Earth Overshoot Day-EOD) olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor. \u0130lk olarak 1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda GFN taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmeye ba\u015flanan EOD, 1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u00fcresel olarak 29 Aral\u0131k tarihine denk geliyordu. Demek ki o tarihlerde hen\u00fcz \u00fcretti\u011fini t\u00fcketen bir d\u00fcnya halindeydik. Y\u0131llar ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e bu tarih geriye gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin 1979 y\u0131l\u0131nda 29 Ekim, 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda A\u011fustos ay\u0131na gerileyen bir EOD grafi\u011fi s\u00f6z konusu. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bize sundu\u011fu bir y\u0131ll\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131 bu y\u0131l 2 A\u011fustos tarihinde t\u00fckettik. Bu, yaln\u0131zca yedi ay sonra, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir y\u0131lda yenileyebilece\u011fi t\u00fcm kaynaklar\u0131 \u00e7oktan t\u00fcketti\u011fimiz anlam\u0131na geliyor. Son be\u015f ay, istikbalde ba\u015fka bir gezegen olmadan kar\u015f\u0131layamayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kaynaklar\u0131 harcayarak hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n
GFN taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan bu y\u0131lki \u00fclke a\u015f\u0131m tarihleri, olduk\u00e7a endi\u015fe verici bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc arz ediyor. Bu tarihler \u00f6rne\u011fin, ABD i\u00e7in 13 Mart; Almanya i\u00e7in 4 May\u0131s; Fransa i\u00e7in 5 May\u0131s. T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in bu tarih 22 Haziran. Bu da mevcut t\u00fcketimimiz i\u00e7in 2,1 d\u00fcnyaya ihtiya\u00e7 olaca\u011f\u0131 manas\u0131na geliyor. S\u00f6z konusu tarihler, sadece gezegenin kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcketti\u011fimizi g\u00f6stermekle kalm\u0131yor, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda var olan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 e\u015fitsizliklerin de alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyor. Mesela, d\u00fcnyadaki herkes Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri sakinleri gibi ya\u015fasayd\u0131, 4,9 d\u00fcnyaya ihtiya\u00e7 olacakt\u0131. K\u00fcresel Ayak \u0130zi A\u011f\u0131’na g\u00f6re, Katar, L\u00fcksemburg ve Bahreyn gibi \u00fclkelerdeki ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131n\u0131n, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya taraf\u0131ndan benimsenmesi durumunda 5,4 ila 8,7 D\u00fcnya t\u00fcketece\u011fi tahmin ediliyor. Avrupa ve Asya’daki di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck sanayile\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin \u00e7o\u011fundaki ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131 evrensel olsayd\u0131, 2,6 ila 4,8 D\u00fcnya\u2019ya ihtiya\u00e7 olacakt\u0131. \u00c7in ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131, 2,4 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n t\u00fcketilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na geliyor. Bu oranlar Danimarka i\u00e7in 4,8; G\u00fcney Kore i\u00e7in 3,9; Almanya i\u00e7in 3,0; \u0130ngiltere i\u00e7in 2,4; Brezilya i\u00e7in 1,7 olarak s\u0131ralan\u0131yor. D\u00fcnya Limit A\u015f\u0131m\u0131 G\u00fcn\u00fc Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda olan Endonezyal\u0131lar, d\u00fcnya vatanda\u015flar\u0131na tahsis edilen kaynaklar\u0131 neredeyse tam olarak zaman\u0131nda kullan\u0131yor (1,1 d\u00fcnya e\u015fde\u011feri). Endonezya ile Jamaika ve Benin, Aral\u0131k’ta limit a\u015f\u0131m g\u00fcnleri ya\u015fayan bir avu\u00e7 \u00fclkeden \u00fc\u00e7 tanesi. T\u00fcketim u\u00e7urumu, daha zengin, sanayile\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler ve daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirli \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. 51 \u00fclke do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 fazla kullanm\u0131yor ve bu nedenle bir D\u00fcnya Limit A\u015f\u0131m\u0131 G\u00fcn\u00fc yok. \u00d6rne\u011fin y\u0131lda 0,7 D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n e\u015fde\u011ferinin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hindistan, kendisine ayr\u0131lan kaynaklardan daha az\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketiyor.
\u00a0
T\u00fcm bu veriler h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda t\u00fcketimin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00fcresel olarak 1.75 d\u00fcnyaya ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011funu i\u015faret ediyor. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma Hedefleri ve Milenyum Kalk\u0131nma Hedefleri, AB Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131 gibi pek \u00e7ok k\u00fcresel inisiyatif d\u00fcnyadaki \u00fcretim modelinin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne ve t\u00fcketim al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fimine odaklan\u0131yor. 8 milyar\u0131 a\u015fan d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n, h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rdaki \u00fcretim modelleri ve t\u00fcketim tarz\u0131 ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin getirdi\u011fi k\u00fcresel problemler ile \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. \u00dcretimde kullan\u0131lan enerjinin yenilenebilir kaynaklardan sa\u011flanmas\u0131, karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131larak iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi ve t\u00fcketime dair d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel ekonominin REDUCE-REUSE-RECYCLE, AZALT-TEKRAR KULLAN- GER\u0130 D\u00d6N\u00dc\u015eT\u00dcR modelinin benimsendi\u011fi al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131, bu s\u00fcreci tekrar 1970\u2019lerin d\u00fcnyada \u00fcretilen bir y\u0131ll\u0131k has\u0131lan\u0131n bir y\u0131lda t\u00fcketildi\u011fi g\u00fcnlerine geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcrebilir. Unutmayal\u0131m ki ba\u015fka bir d\u00fcnya yok\u2026
\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n